All you need to know about steel and its different types

Published on 28 July, 2024

Steel is an essential material used in countless applications around us. From towering skyscrapers to the cars we drive, our world primarily revolves around this metal. But did you know that there isn't just one type of steel? Steel comes in a variety of forms, each with its unique properties that make it suitable for various industries.

 

Types of Steel: 

 

Steel is graded or classified into 4 major types:

1. Carbon steel

2. Alloy steel

3. Stainless steel

4. Tool steel

 

The foundation of most steel is iron, but the addition of other elements truly defines the type of steel. Carbon steel, for instance, is the most common type and is formed by combining iron with carbon. This combination results in a steel that is both strong and affordable.

For situations where additional strength or specific properties are required, alloy steel acts as your superhero. This type of steel is created by introducing various elements like chromium, nickel, and molybdenum into the carbon steel mix. These additional elements enhance the steel's properties, making it more resistant to corrosion, heat, or wear.

Stainless steel, known for its gleaming finish and resistance to rust, is another popular variety. It's achieved by incorporating chromium in higher amounts into the carbon steel blend. This chromium addition forms a protective layer on the steel's surface, preventing corrosion and maintaining its shine.

 

And for tasks that demand exceptional hardness and durability, tool steel takes centre stage. This steel variety is formulated by adding elements like tungsten, molybdenum, cobalt, and vanadium to the carbon steel base. This unique combination makes tool steel exceptionally hard and resistant to wear and tear, perfect for tools that need to withstand demanding applications.

 

Steel Grading Systems: A Framework for Classification 

 

Steel, a versatile material, is produced in countless variations, each with distinct properties. To effectively categorize these different types of steel, grading systems have been developed.

 

These systems classify steel based on factors such as chemical composition and manufacturing processes. For instance, the rate at which molten steel is cooled significantly impacts its molecular structure and, consequently, its strength. Additionally, the duration of exposure to specific temperatures during cooling is crucial in determining the final properties. It's important to note that even steels with identical alloy content can belong to different grades due to variations in heat treatment techniques.

 

Two primary grading systems are widely used: ASTM and SAE. 

 

ASTM, or the American Society for Testing and Materials, employs a letter-number combination. The letter typically indicates the general metal category, while the number specifies unique characteristics. On the other hand, the SAE, or Society of Automotive Engineers, uses a four-digit numerical system. The initial digits represent the steel type and alloy content, while the latter two indicate carbon percentage.

 

These standardized grading systems are essential for engineers, scientists, architects, and government regulators. They ensure consistent communication about steel properties, facilitate material selection, and guide manufacturing processes. By providing a clear and uniform language for describing steel, these systems underpin the reliable use of this critical material in various industries.

 

Why choose Online Fittings for your steel needs? 

 

Understanding the intricacies of steel grades and composition as a crucial parameter for various project decisions, we at Online Fittings specialize in providing high-quality steel products that meet the diverse needs of our customers. With customisation alongside delivering premium graded quality steel raw materials be the master of your industry. 

 

Our commitment is to excel and have a deeper understanding of steel to ensure that you receive the perfect solution for your project at a competitive price with prompt post-sale service.

 

Explore our online range of metal products like flanges, pipe, rods and various industry-specific metal fittings.